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The Psychology of Money – Why People Make Irrational Financial Decisions and How to Avoid Them

When it comes to money, most of us like to believe we are logical, rational decision-makers. Yet in reality, financial choices are often driven by emotions, habits, and subconscious biases rather than pure logic. This is why even smart people sometimes make poor financial decisions—whether it’s panic-selling stocks, overspending on credit cards, or delaying tax planning until the last minute.

Understanding the psychology of money can help us recognize these patterns and take smarter, more disciplined steps toward financial success.


🤔 Why Do People Make Irrational Financial Decisions?

1. 😨 Fear and Greed

    Markets are driven by emotions. Fear of loss leads investors to sell at the wrong time, while greed often pushes them to chase quick gains. Both can destroy wealth.

    2. 👥 Herd Mentality

      Humans are social beings. If friends, family, or social media are investing in the “next big thing,” many follow without proper research—often at the cost of heavy losses.

      3. 💪 Overconfidence

        We tend to overestimate our knowledge of money. Many believe they can outsmart the market or pick winning investments consistently—only to be proven wrong.

        4. 📉 Loss Aversion

          Studies show people fear losses twice as much as they value equivalent gains. This leads to holding on to poor investments longer than necessary, hoping they will recover.

          5. 🛒 Instant Gratification

            The lure of immediate pleasure—shopping, luxury gadgets, or expensive holidays—often outweighs the discipline of long-term savings.


            📌 Real-Life Scenarios

            • 📈 Buying at the Peak: Many investors enter markets when prices are at all-time highs due to FOMO (Fear of Missing Out).
            • 💸 Lifestyle Inflation: After every salary hike, spending tends to rise, leaving savings stagnant.
            • ⏳ Last-Minute Tax Planning: Rushed decisions in March often lead to unsuitable or low-return investments.

            ✅ How to Avoid These Common Mistakes

            🎯 Set Clear Financial Goals

            Divide your goals into short, medium, and long-term. This creates a clear roadmap and prevents emotional decisions.

            🔄 Automate Savings and Investments

            Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) or automatic transfers help you save before you spend, reducing impulsive behavior.

            📚 Improve Financial Literacy

            Read credible resources, attend workshops, or consult experts. Awareness reduces the chances of falling prey to myths or trends.

            ⏱️ Pause Before Big Decisions

            Follow the 24-hour rule. If you feel tempted to make a big financial move, pause, reflect, and then decide.

            👨‍💼 Seek Professional Guidance

            trusted financial advisor brings objectivity and prevents emotional mistakes.


            🌟 Conclusion

            Money management is not just about numbers—it is deeply connected to psychology. Recognizing emotional biases such as fear, greed, and herd mentality is the first step toward financial wisdom.

            By building awareness, setting goals, and seeking the right guidance, individuals and businesses can make smarter financial decisions and avoid costly mistakes.

            Next time you make a financial choice, pause and ask yourself: “Am I acting on logic—or on emotion?”


            Malav C. Sheth & Co. – Chartered Accountants
            🌐 www.camalavsheth.com
            ✉️ malav@camalavsheth.com

            • auth
              CA Malav Sheth

              CA Malav C. Sheth is a Fellow Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. He is also a Commerce and Law Graduate.

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